home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Wayzata World Factbook 1995
/
World Factbook - 1995 Edition - Wayzata Technology (1995).iso
/
mac
/
text
/
Build
/
CIACRD
/
GREECE.CRD
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-11-29
|
14KB
|
494 lines
#CARD:Greece:Geography
#WORD 42 68 188 187 0
Greece Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\GREECE.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Balkan State, Southern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea between
Turkey and Bulgaria
Map references:
Africa, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
131,940 sq km
land area:
130,800 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Alabama
Land boundaries:
total 1,210 km, Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km
Coastline:
13,676 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to depth of exploitation
territorial sea:
6 nm, but Greece has threatened to claim 12 nm
International disputes:
air, continental shelf, and territorial water disputes with Turkey in
Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia over name and symbol implying territorial claim
Climate:
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain:
mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or
chains of islands
Natural resources:
bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble
Land use:
arable land:
23%
permanent crops:
8%
meadows and pastures:
40%
forest and woodland:
20%
other:
9%
Irrigated land:
11,900 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
air pollution; water pollution
natural hazards:
subject to severe earthquakes
international agreements:
party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Environmental
Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands; signed, but not
ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea
Note:
strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to
Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of
about 2,000 islands
#CARD:Greece:People
People
Population:
10,564,630 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.84% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
10.5 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
9.32 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
7.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
8.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
77.71 years
male:
75.2 years
female:
80.35 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.45 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Greek(s)
adjective:
Greek
Ethnic divisions:
Greek 98%, other 2%
note:
the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in Greece
Religions:
Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Languages:
Greek (official), English, French
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
93%
male:
98%
female:
89%
Labor force:
4.083 million
by occupation:
services 48%, agriculture 24%, industry 28% (1993)
#CARD:Greece:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Hellenic Republic
conventional short form:
local long form:
Elliniki Dhimokratia
local short form:
Ellas
former:
Kingdom of Greece
Digraph:
GR
Type:
presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum
8 December 1974
Capital:
Athens
Administrative divisions:
52 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos); Aitolia kai Akarnania,
Akhaia, Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki, Dhodhekanisos, Dhrama,
Evritania, Evros, Evvoia, Florina, Fokis, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia,
Imathia, Ioannina, Iraklion, Kardhitsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia,
Kerkira, Khalkidhiki, Khania, Khios, Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia,
Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia,
Pella, Pieria, Piraievs, Preveza, Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai,
Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos,
autonomous region: Agion Oros (Mt. Athos)
Independence:
1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 25 March (1821) (proclamation of the war of
independence)
Constitution:
11 June 1975
Legal system:
based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal,
and administrative courts
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Konstantinos KARAMANLIS (since 5 May 1990); election last
held 4 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995); results - Konstantinos
KARAMANLIS was elected by Parliament
head of government:
Prime Minister Andreas PAPANDREOU (since 10 October 1993)
cabinet:
Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime
minister
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Chamber of Deputies (Vouli ton Ellinon):
elections last held 10 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October
1997); results - PASOK 46.88%, ND 39.30%, Political Spring 4.87%, KKE
4.54%, and Progressive Left Coalition 2.94%; seats - (300 total) PASOK
170, ND 111, Political Spring 10, KKE 9
Judicial branch:
Supreme Judicial Court, Special Supreme Tribunal
Political parties and leaders:
New Democracy (ND; conservative), Miltiades EVERT; Panhellenic
Socialist Movement (PASOK), Andreas PAPANDREOU; Progressive Left
Coalition, Maria DAMANAKI; Democratic Renewal (DIANA), Konstantinos
STEFANOPOULOS; Communist Party (KKE), Aleka PAPARIGA;
Ecologist-Alternative List, leader rotates; Political Spring, Antonis
SAMARAS
Member of:
Australian Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC,
ECE, EIB, FAO, G-6, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA,
IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO,
ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS
(observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
UNOMIG, UNOSOM, UPU, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Loucas TSILAS
chancery:
2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
(202) 939-5800
FAX:
(202) 939-5824
consulate(s) general:
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San
Francisco
consulate(s):
New Orleans
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Thomas M.T. NILES
embassy:
91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athens
mailing address:
PSC 108, Athens; APO AE 09842
telephone:
[30] (1) 721-2951 or 721-8401
FAX:
[30] (1) 645-6282
consulate(s) general:
Thessaloniki
Flag:
nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is
a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross;
the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the
country
#CARD:Greece:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the basic entrepreneurial
system overlaid in 1981-89 by a socialist system that enlarged the
public sector from 55% of GDP in 1981 to about 70% in 1989. Since
then, the public sector has been reduced to about 60% of GDP. Tourism
continues as a major source of foreign exchange, and agriculture is
self-sufficient except for meat, dairy products, and animal
feedstuffs. Over the last decade, real GDP growth has averaged 1.6% a
year, compared with the European Union average of 2.2%. Inflation is
four times the EU average, and the national debt has reached 140% of
GDP, the highest in the EU. Prime Minister PAPANDREOU will probably
only make limited progress correcting the economy's problems of high
inflation, large budget deficit, and decaying infrastructure. His
economic program suggests that although he will shun his expansionary
policies of the 1980s, he will avoid tough measures needed to slow
inflation or reduce the state's role in the economy. He has limited
the previous government's privatization plans, for example, and has
called for generous welfare spending and real wage increases. In 1994,
the GDP growth rate is likely to remain low, and inflation probably
will accelerate, remaining the highest in the EU. PAPANDREOU'S failure
to improve the country's economic performance will further strain
relations with the EU. Since Greece's accession to the then EC in
1981, Athens' heavy reliance on EU aid - amounting to about 6% of
Greek GDP annually - and its poor use of Union funds have riled
Brussels. Its ailing economy will continue to be a drag on European
economic and monetary union.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $93.2 billion (1993)
National product real growth rate:
1% (1993)
National product per capita:
$8,900 (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
14.4% (1993)
Unemployment rate:
9.5% (1993)
Budget:
revenues:
$28.3 billion
expenditures:
$37.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.2 billion (1994)
Exports:
$6 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
manufactured goods 53%, foodstuffs 34%, fuels 5%
partners:
Germany 23%, Italy 18%, France 7%, UK 7%, US 4% (1992)
Imports:
$23.3 billion (c.i.f., 1992)
commodities:
manufactured goods 72%, foodstuffs 15%, fuels 10%
partners:
Germany 20%, Italy 14%, France 8%, Netherlands 7%, Japan 6% (1992)
External debt:
$23.1 billion (1992)
Industrial production:
growth rate -1.3% (1992); accounts for 20% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
10,500,000 kW
production:
36.4 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
3,610 kWh (1992)
Industries:
food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products,
tourism, mining, petroleum
Agriculture:
including fishing and forestry, accounts for 15% of GDP and 24% of the
labor force; principal products - wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets,
olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; self-sufficient in food
except meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs
Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis and limited opium; mostly for domestic
production; serves as a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling
cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the
West and precursor chemicals to the East; transshipment point for
Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $525 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.39
billion
Currency:
1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta
Exchange rates:
drachmae (Dr) per US$1 - 250.28 (January 1994), 229.26 (1993), 190.62
(1992), 182.27 (1991), 158.51 (1990), 162.42 (1989)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
#CARD:Greece:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
2,479 km total; 1,565 km 1,435-mm standard gauge, of which 36 km
electrified and 100 km double track; 892 km 1,000-mm gauge; 22 km
750-mm narrow gauge; all government owned
Highways:
total:
38,938 km
paved:
16,090 km
unpaved:
crushed stone, gravel 13,676 km; improved earth 5,632 km; unimproved
earth 3,540 km
Inland waterways:
80 km; system consists of three coastal canals; including the Corinth
Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf
of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the
Adriatic to Piraievs (Piraeus) by 325 km; and three unconnected rivers
Pipelines:
crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km
Ports:
Piraievs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki
Merchant marine:
1,059 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,343,367 GRT/54,249,294
DWT, bulk 453, cargo 117, chemical tanker 20, combination bulk 23,
combination ore/oil 38, container 36, liquefied gas 6, livestock
carrier 1, oil tanker 251, passenger 15, passenger-cargo 2,
refrigerated cargo 11, roll-on/roll-off cargo 17, short-sea passenger
65, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 1
note:
ethnic Greeks also own large numbers of ships under the registry of
Liberia, Panama, Cyprus, Malta, and The Bahamas
Airports:
total:
78
usable:
77
with permanent-surface runways:
63
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
20
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
24
Telecommunications:
adequate, modern networks reach all areas; 4,080,000 telephones;
microwave radio relay carries most traffic; extensive open-wire
network; submarine cables to off-shore islands; broadcast stations -
29 AM, 17 (20 repeaters) FM, 361 TV; tropospheric links, 8 submarine
cables; 1 satellite earth station operating in INTELSAT (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean antenna), and EUTELSAT systems
#CARD:Greece:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard,
Police
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 2,645,859; fit for military service 2,025,212; reach
military age (21) annually 74,484 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $4.0 billion, 5.4% of GDP (1993)
GREECE.0